新疆淡水藻类研究：乌鲁木齐南山八一林场绿藻初报

本文首镒报道乌鲁木齐南山八一林场山区的绿藻１１属，１２种，其中１０属，１０种为新疆新记录。这些结果是对１９９１年７月采集的２０号标本经鉴定后获得的。     

球等鞭金藻三级培养过程中细菌群落多样性分析

球等鞭金藻三级培养过程中生长差异明显,在完全灭菌的一级培养中生长最佳,在未灭菌的三级培养中生长最差。为揭示培养过程中藻际细菌群落多样性与其生长差异的相关性,以球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)为研究对象,利用Illumina HiSeq平台通过高通量测序的方法对球等鞭金藻三级培养过程中细菌群落多样性进行研究。结果表明,一、二、三级培养组之间的藻际细菌群落组成差异明显。Shannon和Simpson指数分析说明,一级培养组中细菌群落多样性显著低于二级和三级培养组。MetaStat分析发现,一级和三级培养组之间存在两株丰度显著差异的细菌,其中麦氏交替单胞菌(Alteromonas macleodii)在三级培养下丰度显著高于一级,而红球菌(Rhodococcus erythropolis)相反。进一步通过2216E平板涂布法分离并鉴定了麦氏交替单胞菌等17株球等鞭金藻藻际环境细菌;系统进化树构建结果显示,整个进化树分成13个分支,分别对应13个属,包括交替单胞属(Alteromonas)、假交替单胞属(Pseudoalteromonas)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)等。本研究结果为探索藻菌互作机理奠定了基础,有助于提高水产养殖过程中球等鞭金藻的产量和质量。     

饵料对稚幼参生长变色的影响

报告了藻粉,浮泥,人工配合饵料,混合饵料对稚幼长岛县牝一海水育苗场变色的影响。经３个胸月的投喂试验。结果：人工配合饵料组稚幼参体长,体重增长较快,纯藻粉组,浮泥组投喂效果都较差。藻粉中添加部分“海丰”牌饲料预混剂和３０％的浮泥,对稚参有明显的助长作用,日均增长,增重是纯藻粉组的２倍以上,且明显快于人工配合饵料组。     

硫酸氘制剂对淡水浮游藻类生物量影响的研究

以多种淡水浮游绿藻的混合藻种为培养对象,在人工培养液中添加不同含量的硫酸氘(D2SO4)制剂进行培养,通过测定藻液光密度(OD)值研究了不同浓度D2SO4制剂对淡水浮游藻类生物量影响的效果。结果显示:(D2SO4)制剂在9~20℃温度条件下能促进淡水浮游藻类生物量的增加。在重氢OPAL723TM试验中,浓度0.2‰组藻类增加最多,其结果与对照有显著差异(P(0.05),与0.05‰组和0.001‰组差异不显著(P>0.05);在重氢511T试验中,浓度1‰组藻类增加最多,其他组随浓度降低藻类增加量相应减少。     

几种海藻中溴过氧化物酶的筛选及酶学性质

溴过氧化物酶(BrPOD)是具有特殊功能的过氧化物酶,海藻是其主要来源。对几种中国海域的红藻如角叉菜(Chondrus ocellatus)、龙须菜(Gracilaria sjoestedtii)、珊瑚藻(Corallina officinalis)进行了溴过氧化物酶的藻种筛选,并对酶活较高的珊瑚藻进行溴过氧化物酶分离纯化及性质的研究。通过硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-cellulose 52离子交换层析、Sephadex G-100凝胶层析等方法,从珊瑚藻中分离得到溴过氧化物酶。对该酶性质研究表明,该酶分子量较大,表观分子量为64 kD;溴化单氯甲酮的最适pH值为6.0;pH在5.0-9.0时酶活性稳定;在30-70℃温度范围内酶活性稳定;Ca2 、Co2 、Cu2 、Mn2 、NaF和EDTA等化合物使溴过氧化物酶活性下降,钒酸盐能提高酶活性。反应动力学实验表明,该酶对Br-、H2O2的Km分别为7.40 mmol/L和96.09μmol/L。     

Mutualism between euryhaline tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii and Chlorella sp.—Implications for nano-algal production in warmwater phytoplankton-based recirculating systems

The West-African euryhaline tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii shift from visually feeding on zooplankton when juveniles to mostly filter feeding on phytoplankton when adults. When reared using an appropriate ration in intensive aquaculture systems, S. m. heudelotii also consume algal-based detritus, and contribute to sediment mineralization, clean up their environment, and ultimately stimulate and sustain algal growth. We analysed such practical advantages for phytoplankton-based recirculating systems, using S. m. heudelotii and Chlorella sp. as biological material originating from the prototype of such a system operated in Senegal. We performed a 24-h factorial design experiment in 36 tubs, cross-classifying three levels of S. m. heudelotii (fishless control, unfed fish, and fed fish) with four levels of Chlorella initial density.Chlorella overall mean density increased significantly from fishless, to unfed fish, and fed fish treatments, and with Chlorella initial density. S. m. heudelotii did not alter nitrogen nor phosphorus concentrations, only affected by algal initial densities. Most ammonia excreted by fish was probably uptaken by Chlorella. Bacteria-mediated diurnal nitrification was possibly an alternative ammonium loss mechanism at highest oxygen concentrations. Algae were not limited by nitrogen or phosphorus but most likely by low dissolved organic carbon availability. Chlorella differential responses with fed vs. unfed Sarotherodon suggest that CO₂ supplied by heterotrophic S. m. heudelotii respiration played a key role. Observed Chlorella growth rates were similar to the highest rates obtained in algal mass cultures, enriched with CO₂, nitrate and phosphate, under artificial lighting.Our results suggest the existence of a Sarotherodon-Chlorella mutualism in our systems, where S. m. heudelotii provide CO₂, the major limiting factor of Chlorella growth, whereas Chlorella oxygenate and detoxify the water media from ammonia, promoting S. m. heudelotii production. This mutualism could be used to optimize photosynthetic suspended-growth aquaculture systems, particularly in the Tropics where light is abundant and temperature is continuously high.     

Characterization of aerosols containing microcystin

Toxic blooms of cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in both freshwater and brackish water sources throughout the world. One class of cyanobacterial toxins, called microcystins, is cyclic peptides. In addition to ingestion and dermal, inhalation is a likely route of human exposure. A significant increase in reporting of minor symptoms, particularly respiratory symptoms was associated with exposure to higher levels of cyanobacteria during recreational activities. Algae cells, bacteria, and waterborne toxins can be aerosolized by a bubble-bursting process with a wind-driven white-capped wave mechanism. The purposes of this study were to: evaluate sampling and analysis techniques for microcystin aerosol, produce aerosol droplets containing microcystin in the laboratory, and deploy the sampling instruments in field studies. A high-volume impactor and an IOM filter sampler were tried first in the laboratory to collect droplets containing microcystins. Samples were extracted and analyzed for microcystin using an ELISA method. The laboratory study showed that cyanotoxins in water could be transferred to air via a bubble-bursting process. The droplets containing microcystins showed a bimodal size distribution with the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1.4 and 27.8 mum. The sampling and analysis methods were successfully used in a pilot field study to measure microcystin aerosol in situ.     

光合细菌配合面包酵母与藻粉培养轮虫的实验

以面包酵母与一定量螺旋藻粉培养褶皱臂尾轮虫的过程中，添加光合细菌液进行实验。结果表明：光合细菌作为辅助性饵料，对轮虫的生长具有明显特殊的促进作用。4组实验显示：投喂适宜量光合细菌轮虫增殖明显加快，但与光合细菌添加量的增加不完全呈正比关系；投喂光合细菌新鲜培养液与老培养液轮虫增殖效果相近；投喂光合细菌只能作为辅助性饵料。当配合酵母、藻粉培育轮虫时，3者在饵料上起到了良好的互补作用，培养效果最佳。